College Essay Questions - Definition Or Compare With the Following Essay Question Sample<|endoftext|>

<h1>College Essay Questions - Definition Or Compare With the Following Essay Question Sample<|endoftext|></h1><p>When doing an article for secondary school, the exact opposite thing you need is to be approached to answer a definition or portray the accompanying paper question test. You don't have to get familiar with a jargon that might be past your capacity. Actually, you might be befuddled about what words mean and how they are identified with one another. Along these lines, here are a few meanings of basic school composing terms that will get you out in picking your words.</p><p></p><p>By definition, the term section is a thing that implies being confessed to go into a nation or region for a particular reason, for example, voyaging. To distinguish the school type, an understudy needs to address an inquiry with regards to which sort of foundation he/she needs to go to, be it a four-year school or a college. On the following page, we w ill respond to the section question test by telling the best way to compose the passage segment of the school paper. One can respond to the inquiry with their exposition decision by making a concise clarification of what they are searching for in a school or university.</p><p></p><p>Another regular school composing term is article. It is characterized as the body of the composed material as it is set up for introduction to a predominant position. There are two sorts of articles: theory and individual. A proposal paper is a composed contention advanced on a theme for thought of the greater part by the larger part. An individual exposition is a paper that identifies with one's own character or experience.</p><p></p><p>Now, we will examine the meaning of definition and clarify the structure of the school article. We characterize it as the division of material into parts or areas. The substance of the area or parts decide the request for t he sections.</p><p></p><p>For model, on the off chance that you are expounding on getting into the University of Arizona, you need to respond to the topic of what school is the best. To start with, you should advise the peruser that you need to get into the college. At that point, you need to demonstrate what number of credits it will take to get in. At last, you need to give a meaning of what college you are needing to get into.</p><p></p><p>Now, we will talk about the meanings of affirmation article, exposition presentation, and paper end. Every definition contains the data for the paper at the same time, it as a rule goes on to the finish of the article. Accordingly, the presentation may either begin the exposition or, it tends to be the last passage. Ordinarily, the definition starts with some sort of presentation that examines why the author is composing the essay.</p><p></p><p>The exposition question answe r test generally asks whether the author can give a few models that show how a specific subject is utilized, all things considered. Ordinarily, when the understudy is approached to give models, he/she can do as such with a progression of sentences and passages, the first is a presentation. Additionally, he/she can utilize the meaning of a similar theme in an article presentation. A case of this can be given in light of the meaning of school by giving a few stories and encounters that can exhibit the genuine utilization of the point. Also, the primary section may incorporate some self-recognition or glorification of the writer.</p><p></p><p>Lastly, it is important to answer the definition or contrast and the inquiry. Subsequent to composing the passage segment, you need to assess the paper for the degree of trouble and use. On the off chance that the article was exceptionally troublesome, you may need to consider the inquiry again so as to be certain that it w ill be adequate for school. On the off chance that it isn't, at that point you may need to gain proficiency with another composing style and think about another approach to communicate. All things considered, if the inquiry was simple, you may need to attempt an alternate school article topic.</p>

The Battle Over Essay Topics about Globalization and How to Win It

<h1> The Battle Over Essay Topics about Globalization and How to Win It </h1> <h2>Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Essay Topics about Globalization </h2> <p>You must objective the individuals which have the cash to spend and demonstrate to them that you're the absolute best organization to look for on the web. Even all the more fascinating that the on-line organizations are open through utilizing cell phones. Going on the web is the perfect decision to profit by the globalization endeavors. Should you do some exploration on the web, you will discover intriguing proposals. </p> <h2> Essay Topics about Globalization Help!</h2> <p>Hence, you need to initially comprehend the essentialness of partiality on the off chance that you have to form extraordinary articles on preference for the paper tests. You should create your paper on a site which is an outline of globalization. There is an assortment of papers, among which an exploration exposition is among the hardest. Try not to compose your paper on the site Globalization101 for instance. </p> <p>Make a blueprint alongside all the contentions and focuses you'd prefer to remember for the exposition. Subsequently, you can ask all the fundamental inquiries and counsel on certain focuses. Following are a couple of the prompted human science exposition theme for those understudies that can't pick an incredible point for their task. At the end of the introduction you may discover a rundown of refered to hotspots for examining more information regarding the matter. </p> <h2> The Essay Topics about Globalization Chronicles </h2> <p>You might be as of now mindful that a particular sort of exposition in some particular majors has its own necessities for a specific theme. For example, you may discover there are 3 sub-points under the absolute first essential subject that you want to examine, and that implies you will make sub-headings for them. You will definitely find the theme you're probably going to genuinely feel fine with. A few subjects aren't eas y to deal with and there isn't a lot of data accessible about them, on the other side, there's an a lot of material accessible on some of the exploration exposition point yet the issue is that they are fairly normal. </p> <p>Sociology expositions deal with the investigation of human social conduct in a general public, in this manner, it is very intriguing for the understudies who need to find out about human mind yet exhausting for individuals who don't care for examining their species. Globalization is at the center of most of things going on the planet right now. Understudies have occupied existences and regularly disregard a moving toward cutoff time. </p> <h2> Things You Should Know About Essay Topics about Globalization </h2> <p>The joining of organizations all around the globe has been an extensive lift to a few organizations around the globe. On the other side, rivalry can constrain taxi administrations to diminish costs in order to tempt c ustomers and lift their benefits. An essential factor of a commercial center is item substitutability. </p> <p>Globalization can be characterized in different manners. Multiculturalism for a component of culture underneath the act of globalization. Budgetary globalization and its capacity in the general public. Globalization through the assessment of an overall understudy. </p> <p>At the core of the globalization contention is the possibility of the imperceptible hand of the present market, as brought about by Adam Smith. Anybody that is mentioned to expound on any current design on the planet can't neglect to specify, if not so much talk about a globalization paper. In this way, it's basic to ensure globalization is among the themes in class. </p> <h2> What Everybody Dislikes About Essay Topics about Globalization and Why</h2> <p>The bit of leeway of globalization isn't widespread. It has helped business gain traffic on the web also. It's easy to expect that globalization is a totally present day wonder driven by creations like the message or the web. In the same way as other budgetary procedures, globalization has both key advantages and weaknesses for the world for an entirety. </p> <p>Demand and flexibly are unquestionably the most significant components of monetary dependability and development. Organizations and associations have formed into increasingly beneficial and propelled firms. As per specialists, if an organization or an association begins having a universal nearness, a worldwide impact or works on an overall level it's alluded to as globalization. </p> <p>For model, the steady ascent of an Earth-wide temperature boost is the final product of the foundation of a few manufacturing plants, the utilization of engine vehicles and comparable human acts. Directly probably the best issue of Germany is the global economy that experiences incredible adjustments. To have the option to improve current economy continious development, it is important to control money related strategy of the country. Since globalization empowers laborers to effortlessly move from 1 nation to another, nations with restricted openings for work regularly find that i t's precarious to urge talented specialists to stay in their nations. </p>

How To Choose The Best Practice Essay Topics For Your Writing Project

<h1>How To Choose The Best Practice Essay Topics For Your Writing Project</h1><p>You might need to take a gander at a portion of the choices for training exposition themes when you are planning for a school test. You will find that there are different various kinds of themes that you can utilize, each with their own qualities and weaknesses.</p><p></p><p>Some individuals want to have subjects composed for expositions however it is typically a bit much, so you can skirt this progression for the present. There are likewise a few events when you are required to present a short paper as a major aspect of your school application. On the off chance that you are such an understudy, it is best that you discover what sort of subject you should expound on. With this data, you will be in a situation to think of a point that is appropriate to your own composing style.</p><p></p><p>One great choice is to take a gander at the sort o f composing that is utilized in many course books or aides and see which ones apply to your specific circumstance. You can likewise consider doing a touch of research to discover which points that are frequently gotten some information about in school. When you have built up a rundown of subjects that you think will suit your necessities, take a gander at a couple of test papers and use them as your reference.</p><p></p><p>You might need to investigate what books are accessible that may likewise be a smart thought, since it will assist you with building up a nitty gritty diagram of the exposition that you will compose. This will be the establishment from which you can manufacture your essay.</p><p></p><p>You may find that rehearsing exposition themes will be exceptionally useful on the off chance that you are now keeping in touch with one. On the off chance that you have ever done one preceding, at that point it might be helpful to do something very similar in another setting. This will permit you to become acclimated to writing in an assortment of styles, including formal, casual, scholarly, and easygoing. Simultaneously, it will assist you with beginning building up a composing style that you will use all through your life.</p><p></p><p>Also, when you are rehearsing the article themes, it might be useful to compose the exposition on a point that intrigues you and in which you are agreeable. Try not to feel hurried to complete the task, as you would prefer not to submit any mix-ups. Rather, take as much time as necessary and progressively fabricate your certainty, with the goal that you can get the exposition through its paces.</p><p></p><p>As a general standard, you will likely find that the training article subjects that you use in the study hall will most likely be a superior alternative than the point that you will use for your paper. This is on the grounds tha t you will find out about how you approach the exposition and whether you can compose well on it.</p>

Impact Of Capital Structure On Banks Profitability Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 15 Words: 4572 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Main role of financial decision making is to increase the wealth of shareholders and these financial decisions can be very tricky sometimes. One of the decisions is related to capital structure which is related to its financing option (debt and equity). One basic question proportion of debt to equity? and there could be hundreds of options but purpose is to decide which option is best in firms particular circumstances. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Impact Of Capital Structure On Banks Profitability Finance Essay" essay for you Create order It is effective to use more portion of Debt for the purpose of financing as it is less costly then equity but there are also some limitations and in the case of bank there are some restrictions imposed by regulatory authority, and after the certain limit use of debt affect companys leverage (traditional capital structures theory). Financially troubled or risky companies could face severe consequences as they normally are charged more interest rates on debt. So there should be a balanced proportion of securities mix in firms capital structure. Capital structure affects leverage and consequently profitability of firms. Firms with low earnings and high leverage are more exposed to risk and less attractive for investors. Most of these statements are true for banks also but capital structure of banks is a bit different from firms perspective. So far there is no clear understanding about combination of financing options and this is because of regulations from government/ regulatory body, b anks have to follow them and they have to adjust theirs source of financing accordingly. Rationale of study Banking sector, in all over the world (including Pakistan) is one of the most sensitive businesses. Banking sector plays a major role in current world of money and economy. Basic reason behind selecting this sector is that banks are main custodians of public money, they can motivate savings and can mobilize saving towards national economy. They have major impact on economy of Pakistan and they influence many activities distribution of public finance, poverty elimination and mobilization of resources. Banking sector in Pakistan is now well developed, ranges from State bank of Pakistan (central bank) to commercial banks, Islamic banks, specialized banks which accommodates specific requirement of specific sector. State bank of Pakistan regulates all the banks operating in Pakistan and rules of SBP are same for all the banks, then why these banks have different levels of profitability? In this study framework, Profitability is dependent variable which includes ROA and ROE. Profitability is affected by many factors and one the factor is capital structure (Independent variable). Capital structure is proxied by Gearing ratio and Equity Multiplier. To investigate the impact of capital structure on profitability alone, there is need to control the other factors which possibly can affect the profitability like Size, which is log of total assets, burden and efficiency ratio are some variables which also affect the profitability. For better analytical results, they are taken as control variable in this study. This study has certain limitations. Sample selected can be constraint to the research, data is gathered through published financial reports and data shown in the reports might or might not represent the actual picture. During the time period of 2004 to 2008, there are other factors which also affected the banks profitability, like privatization and government regulations. According to Raghav (2004) Capital is the engine of the economy and the financial information is the oil that keeps the engine running smoothly. For banks, Capital is the total Owned Funds available to the Institution for a reasonably long time. ICCMCS (2004) divided this capital into Core capital (basic equity) and Supplementary capital and classified in Tier I, Tier II and Tier III Capital. Tier 1 capitalÂÂ  consists of common stock and disclosed reserves like retained earnings and is the core measure of aÂÂ  banks financial strength. Tier II capitalÂÂ  is also used to measure the financial strength of a bank and is the second most reliable form ofÂÂ  financial capital which includes Revaluation of assets, Undisclosed reserves (Reserves that are not burdened to any liabilities), General Provision, Hybrid instruments which are the capital instruments having the debt equity characters and Subordinated debts. www.wikipedia.org Tier III capital debts may include a greater number ofÂÂ  subordinated issues, undisclosed reserves and general loss reserves compared to tier II capital and is used to supportÂÂ  market risk, commodities riskÂÂ  and foreign currencyÂÂ  risk. www.investopedia.com According to Kunt and Harry (2000) banks play a major role to allocate capital, to mobilize savings, to manage investment decisions of corporate managers and provide risk management guidance. Capital structure is the combination of a firms debt (long-term debt and short-term debt) and equity (common equity and preferred equity). Firm uses its various sources of funds to finance its overall operations and growth. Debt can be in the form of issuance of bonds or long-term notes payable, while equity consists of issuing common stock, preferred stock, or having retained earnings. Joshua. K stated advantages and disadvantages of each financing option and management always tries to find out the best combination to finance their capital and lower the cost of financing. As Eugene F. Brigham (2007, p440) stated, there is an optimal capital structure which is the best combination of equity and debt financing. On this level of optimization, cost of the capital is lowest and value of the firm is highest. At the same time, J. Abor (2005) believed that there is no universal theory for debt-equity choices, different combination are used in different situations to achieve the desired outc ome. Capital structure is very important for any firm. It not only helps in determining theÂÂ  returnÂÂ  a company earns for its shareholders and also shows how a firm will behave inÂÂ  recessionÂÂ  or depression (Joshua K). One of the financing options is Equity financing which is composed of funds that are raised by the business itself. This financing can be raised by the owners of the firm or by adding more peoples in the ownership i.e. issuing the shares of the company. There is certain amount paid against these share and the shareholders get dividend against those shares or against that money they have invested in the company. It depends on the companys policy that how much capital they need and how much of that capital should be raised through shares. Mostly companies with high growth rate use equity financing because they can give high return to the investors. Equity capital is considered to be the expensive type of capital because its cost is the return the firm must earn to attract investment (Joshua K) Debt financing, second choice of financing means borrowing money to run the business. The amount of debt that a firm uses to finance its assets is also called leverage. Debt financing constitutes of long term debt and short term Debt based on the type of money one borrows. Interest rates for long term debt and short term are different and vary from situation to situation and firm to firm. Long term debt refers to the money one borrows for financing the assets which can be used by the firm for longer periods. E.g. Purchase of Assets, machinery, land etc. The scheduled payment of long term loan is usually extended for more then 1 year. In the case of Banks their sub-ordinate loans and fixed deposits are long term in nature because they are held for more then one year depending on their nature. Short term debt is the debt taken for meeting the daily basis business requirements like purchasing of inventory or paying the wages. Its scheduled payment takes place within the year. Usually short term loan is taken for some days or 3-6 months. Banks usually take loan from other financial institutions for very short period just to fulfill their daily requirement. There are different theories of capital structure, traditional theory of Capital Structure says that use of more proportion of debt in capital structure can be effective as it is less costly then equity but it also has some limitations and after the certain limit it will affect companys leverage. According to Trade off theory, Debt financing also has an advantage of tax benefits, and this is choice of company in which combination debt: equity financing is used to balance the cost and benefits. www.wikipedia.org Stewart MyersÂÂ   Nicolas M (1984) stated that companiesÂÂ  prioritizeÂÂ  their sources of financing (FromÂÂ  internal financingÂÂ  toÂÂ  equity) according to theÂÂ  Principle of least effort. According to them, internal funds are used first, and when there are no more benefits from internal funding thenÂÂ  debtÂÂ  should be taken, and as a last option equity should be issued as explained by Pecking Order Theory. www.wikipedia.org In the light of these theories and literature there are pros and cons for both debt and equity financing. With debt financing company can retain maximum control over their business and debt financing has tax benefit as interest on debt financing is tax deductible but too much debt can cause problems if company begin to depend on it and do not have the amount to pay it back. High proportion of debt will make the company unattractive to investors because of leverage problem and cost of issuing debt will increase. While talking about equity financing, this appears to be easy money because there is not debt involved it and no need to worry about scheduled repayment of loan, when business will makes profit the lenders will be repaid. Problem with this option is that company can lose its complete control and autonomy, now investors can have participation in decision making. High amount of equity in capital structure is indication for potential funders that company is willing to take the necessary personal risks, which could be a sign of lack of confidence in your own business venture. Banks and financial institutions are specialized and unique businesses whose capital structure decision is affected by the factors specific to the banking industry like central banks regulations. If government lowers the discount rate then according to tradeoff theory, banks will try to get loan from state bank and their debt portion will rise, so to handle this situation central bank enforces banks to hold more capital to balance the position. If central bank makes change in regulations like decrease in SLR and CRR requirements then more money will be available for lending and it will affect capital structure and profitability accordingly. Capital structure theories help the banks to make choices for raising capital during the financial crisis. According to pecking order theory, to overcome undervaluation problem, banks should choose to issue debt before equity if they have private information about their assets. But, during the financial crisis, financial information about the bank s assets is readily available so instead of debt, equity could be issued at discount. In this situation, if debt is issued then there will be high probability of default and issuing common stock at discount will transfer the wealth from existing shareholders to new one, so preferred stock should be issued because unlike debt repayments, preferred stock dividends can be suspended without causing bankruptcy. To raise capital, from any source there is some cost associate with it which helps in determining how the capital should be financed? Separate option of debt and equity or combination of these two. Cost of raising money can be reduced with the best combination of equity and debt financing. In the case of banks there are some regulations from the central bank related to the minimum requirement of holding the capital. Despite of the cost of holding that capital banks have to fulfill that requirement. Mishkin (2000) stated that most of the bank managers want to hold less capital than is required by the regulatory bank, because high cost is associated with holding capital. There are many variables that can be used to investigate the relationship between Capital Structure and Profitability of Banks. J. Abor (2005), Chin A. Fu (1997) used Gearing ratio and Equity multiplier to measure capital structure. Kunt Harry (2000) took Return on Asset to measure the profitability of banks. Chin Ai FuÂÂ  (1997) while finding the connection between capital structure and profitability focused on Debt to equity and Return on Investment. During the analysis of financial ratios of major commercial banks, conducted in Oman, Murthy (2003) focused on Return on Equity, Return on Assets (to find profitability) and burden ratio (to measure performance). These ratios are linked with the financing decision of the Bank i.e. Capital Structure According to Athanasoglou et al (2005) expanses of the bank are very important factor to measure profitability. Choice of capital structure influences Return on Assets because of the behavior of interest in calculating taxes. Company with low debt pays high taxes (due to lowÂÂ  interest expense) compared to a company with more leverage. www.wikinvest.com ROA also resolves a major shortcoming ofÂÂ  return on equityÂÂ  (ROE). ROE is the most commonly used ratio to analyze profitability but it doesnt show the true picture as the company can have excessive debt and is using debt to drive returns. This information can be gathered through ROA. Since ROA is divided by total assets and Asset is equal toÂÂ  debtÂÂ  plusÂÂ  shareholder equity. So lower the debt, higher the ROA. This equation also shows that if a company carried no debt, their ROE and ROA would also be the same because its shareholders equity and its total assets would be the same. As the company start taking debt, it increases its assets because of the cash inflow but at the same time equity shrinks, and since equity is the ROEs denominator, ROE will rise. ROE is subjected to capital structure decision. According to DuPont, ROE is linked with Equity Multiplier and Capital Structure. So if there is any change occurs in the proportion of debt and equity, this measure will be affected. Efficiency Ratio is metric used for analyzing the interest expanses and interest earnings. This is typically applied to banks as they are interest based businesses, their income and expanses both are related to amount of interest. www.wikipedia.org Michealas, Chittenden Poutziouris (1998) consider various non-financial and behavioral causes which persuade capital structure decisions. Interviews are conducted for collection of the concerned data. They found that there are some factors like need for control, knowledge (experience), mind perception and social model etc which made certain belief about debt and this belief make their approach toward use of debt in their capital composition. There are also huge numbers of small firm owners who choose to rely on internal generated funds rather than raising external finance. Groth Anderson (1997) described capital structure and observed its influence on the cost of capital and the value of a company. There is no equation exist to determine the optimal capital structure for firm. Proper use of debt and equity in capital structure lowers the weighted cost of capital and this low weighted cost of capital helps in increasing the value of the firm. Upneja Dalbor (2001) studied the capital structure decisions of restaurant firms in USA. Pecking-order theory and position of the firm in the financial growth cycle are the basis for their study. Their results showed that both pecking-order and financial growth cycle influence capital structure decision of the restaurant firms. They found some separate factors which influence long term and short term debt decisions of the restaurant firms Amidu (2007) focused on the factors involved in determining the capital composition of banks in Ghana. The variables covered by him are profitability, growth, tax, asset structure, risk and size. This study highlighted the association between long and short forms of debt while making capital structure choice. It is found that long-term debt structure is positively and statistically related to operating assets. While short-term debt and leverage are positively correlated, they move in the same way. The study suggested that profitability, size of the bank, their asset structure and corporate taxes are important variables to influence capital composition of banks. Chaganti Damanpour (1991) tried to answer two main questions. One, what is the relationship between outside institutional shareholdings and a firms capital structure and performance? And secondly, does the size of stockholdings by corporate executives, family owners, and insider-institutions modify those relationships? They have collected data from forty pairs of manufacturing firms and found that the size of outside institutional stockholdings has a significant impact on the firms capital structure and family and inside institutional owners shareholdings moderate the linkage between outside institutional shareholdings and capital structure. Jamal (1994) examined the influence of capital structure, particularly in the presence of market imperfections on firms profitability. He analyzed the effect of corporate taxes, interest expense, debt level and equity size. The findings of this research paper are that higher debt level results in a lower profitability and higher profitability have positive connection with taxation but negative with interest expense. F. Voulgaris et al (2004) investigate the determinants of capital structure; they focused on manufacturing sector of Greek and took Large Size Enterprises (LSEs) for their study. The findings show that asset utilization, total assets growth and net profitability have a major impact on the capital structure of LSEs. Greek LSEs will face higher debt levels in the future that will arise mainly from higher short-term debt ratios. The ratios such as return on equity, asset profitability, asset structure, inventory turnover and liquidity which came out as major determinants of capital structure while other empirical studies did not show significant results. Guorong Jiang et al (2003) have tried to answer the question of whether both bank-specific as well as macroeconomic indicators are main factors influencing banks profitability and A profitable banking sector is better to oppose against financial distress and contribute towards the solidity of the financial system or not. They conclusion of their study is that a profitable banking sector can oppose better against negative shocks and can help in secure financial structure. In terms of bank-specific factors, operational efficiency is the key factor in explaining differences in profitability, and macroeconomic developments have also significant effect on banks profitability. Chiang Y. H et al (2002) showed the connection between cost of capital, capital structure and profitability. Focus of their study was on property developers and contractors in Hong Kong. The analysis of this paper showed that gearing is generally higher among contractors than developers and capital gearing is positively linked with asset but negatively with profit margins. Panayiotis P. et al (2005) found the determinants of profitability in banking sector. According to their study, size of the bank, operating expense, financial strength, ownership status and cost decisions of banks management are the major factors which influence the profitability of Banks. Methodology 20 Sample Banks Alfalah bank limited Allied bank limited Askari bank limited Bank al-Habib ltd Bank of Punjab Faysal bank limited First Women bank limited Habib bank limited Habib Metropolitan bank ltd. Khushhali bank limited MCB bank limited Meezan bank ltd. My bank ltd. National bank of Pakistan NIB bank limited Pak-Kuwait investment company Saudi-Pak commercial bank ltd SME bank limited United bank limited Zarayi tariqiyati bank ltd. Top 10 tier banks Alfalah bank limited Allied bank limited Askari bank limited Faysal bank limited Habib bank limited MCB bank limited Meezan bank ltd. National bank of Pakistan NIB bank limited United bank limited This study sampled 20 banks, mostly from private sector. Top 10 tier banks are also included in this study separately, to see the same relationship. This is for the purpose of better understanding where these banks stand now. This study is based on quantitative data analysis. Financial data was collected from annual reports of the banks. The proposed period is from 2004 to 2008. Independent variable is Capital structure which is analyzed through gearing ratio and equity multiplier. Gearing ratio and equity multiplier are used to investigate the relationship of long term liabilities and total assets with shareholders equity. Profitability is dependent variable which is measured through commonly used Return on Assets and Return on Equity. Expanses of the bank are very important factor to measure profitability according to Panayiotis P. Athanasoglou (2005). Efficiency ratio, burden ratio and Size of the bank are taken as control variable in this research. Most of the banks have different level of profitability just because of their size, their efficiency level and their ability to take burden. These factors must have impact on the profitability of the banks and because of this reason and to refine more concrete results these variables are taken as control variables. In the first phase financial data is collected from the annual reports of banks and is analyzed through above mentioned ratios in the second phase. Collected data was in the form of panel data which allows the use of panel data methodology. Panel data refers to cross sectional data containing observations on multiple phenomena observed over multiple time periods. This dataset have data on i cases, over t time periods, for a total of i ÃÆ'Æ’- t observations. Third phase is comprised of analysis of this panel data with the help of regression tool. Fixed affect model has been used to find the relationship between dependent and independent variable. This model is selected in against of variable affect model and pooled regression model. To decide which model is better, first Breusch-Pagan test was run on the panel data and Pagan test denied the use of random affect model. Then Houseman test was run on the panel data for the final selection of model and the result shows that fixed affect model is better option in this scenario, as level of significance was higher in fixed affect model. Descriptive statistic shows that average gearing ratio for the sample study is 7.53, which ranges from 0.0547 to 30.216. This huge variance in samples gearing is because of the structure of banks. During the time period of 2004- 2008 most of the banks have changed their structure to private sector banks. Same is the case with equity multiplier; mean of equity multiplier is 13.50 with huge variance between minimum and maximum values. Average return on equity and average return on assets during the study time frame is 10.88% and 0.98% respectively. Variation during this time frame for ROA is less than ROE. ROE in this time frame ranges from -2.7625 to 0.4873 (MCB in 2005). Skewness of profitability is more inclined towards left side of normal distribution curve. Here, ROE is negatively affected by all the variables but significant relationship is shown by size, equity multiplier and efficiency. Equity multiplier and efficiency shows highly significant negative relationship at confidence interval of 1%. Significance of relationship is shown by P-Value, as P-Value is less than 0.05 for Alpha= 5% and less than 0.01 for alpha = 1 %. Here, ROE is negatively affected by all the variables but highly significant relationship is shown with gearing and efficiency at confidence interval of 1%. Size shows significant negative relationship at confidence interval of 5%. Significance of relationship is shown by P-Value, as P-Value is less than 0.05 for Alpha= 5% and less than 0.01 for alpha=1 %. Results showed that ROA is negatively affected by Gearing, which means with increase of gearing, ROA is decreasing. These results are showing high level of significance at confidence interval of 1%. Burden, which is taken as control variable shows significant negative relationship at confidence interval of 5%. Negative relationship of size and efficiency is shown with ROA but result is not significant. Here, ROA is negatively affected by all the variables but significant relationship is shown by Burden and equity multiplier. Equity multiplier and burden is showing significant negative relationship at confidence interval of 5%. Significance of relationship is shown by P-Value, as P-Value is less than 0.05. While focusing on top 10 tier banks, results showed that they are not on that stage where gearing affects the profitability. Here gearing is having positive affect on ROE and this relationship is shown at confidence interval of 1 %. This shows that they are well managing their long term liabilities and able to convert it into profits. Fitness of this model is 84% which is quite high level with P-value almost 0 also showing significance. Relationship of size of bank and efficiency of bank is also negative with return on equity which means, it is not necessary that banks having larger size and efficiency are also profitable, though coefficient of size is low but it is negative. Average return on equity for the top 10 tier banks is 21.11 %. Same is the case when ROE is taken with Equity multiplier. Significant positive relationship of return on equity is shown with equity multiplier on confidence interval of 1%. Conclusion of the results is that overall banks profitability is negatively affecting by the gearing and equity multiplier. This shows that banks are not able to utilize their long term debt to generate substantial profits. Control variables, which are size of the bank, efficiency of bank and burden capability of banks, are also having negative relationship with profitability. Banks are increasing their size, they are becoming more efficient but still their profitability level is low. They are unable to use their assets properly to increase profitability. Increasing equity multiplier ratio shows that banks are increasing their risk and becoming more leveraged and this might lead to financial problem because of excessive debt portion. As the gearing of the banks increases it is hard for the banks to pay legal obligations of interest payments which increases banks risk and decreases its profitability. Banks still needs to have debt to finance their assets because as discussed it is cheap source of financing but there are some limitations after that limit it is harmful for the companys capital structure. Here apparently it seems that banks have crossed that level thats why they are now negative effecting by debt proportion. As far as top 10 tier banks are concerned, they have not achieved that level. This is indication for them to control and focus on their leverage, because as they will cross that limit their profitability will be negatively affected by this debt proportion as other banks. Banks can control their debt portion to increase their profitability as MCB did. Gearing ratio of MCB for the year 2004 was 15.44 and now they are on 4.7, and this decrease helps them to achieve higher ROE and ROA. Banks can analyze their previous performance to forecast in the future that which amount of debt should be use in their capital structure. There should be maximum use of cheapness of debt and at the same time keeping an eye on the leverage of the bank. It is recommended, as banks are increasing their long term liabilities, they should also use them in such activities from where they can have some profits to minimize the increasing risk of their bank. From the results it is shown that size of the banks (log of total assets) is also negatively affecting their profitability which means just to increase the quantity of assets should not be the purpose. Proportion of earning assets should be higher and there should be some substantial earnings from those resources. Size of the banks, burden capacity and efficiency are also negatively affecting the profitability which means that there are some other factors which affects and control the profitability, and this might be the regulation of State bank of Pakistan. Reason could be that, banks are under the obligation of holding a specific amount of equity and for tradeoff purpose banks have to use debt. Now establishment of Banking Sector Strategies (BSS) from State Bank of Pakistan, can help the banks to retain their profitability level while less exposure to risk.

The Honest to Goodness Truth on Choice of Persuasive Essay Topics for Middle School

<h1> The Honest to Goodness Truth on Choice of Persuasive Essay Topics for Middle School </h1> <p>Women should be fined at whatever point they shout. School is for a high measure of study. Opportunity of decision is incredible. </p> <p>Doing this, you'll unquestionably locate your optimal paper title effectively and quicker. Grades uncover that the usa is instructively behind other created countries in Europe and Asia. On the off chance that understudies think that its difficult to drive, at that point they are going to miss after-school interests. Understudies with great scholastic outcomes must locate the opportunity to attend a university for nothing out of pocket. </p> <p>Creating a point without anyone else is very brain tormenting. Communism and the manner in which it can take care of business. Uniquely designed articles are normal for us all. Educational papers are to some degree progressively elucidating. </p> <h2>The Battle Over Choice of Persuasive Essay Topics for Middle School and How to Win It </h2> <p>To start with, in case you're masterminding a convincing discourse, you should consider a subject that could make mental pictures in the brains of your crowd. You additionally need to have your crowd as a top priority while picking. At the point when it is tied in with picking article themes for secondary school, the decision ought to mirror the measure of shrewdness and perception of issues, which would certainly be relied upon to incorporate more many-sided thoughts than what is anticipated from center school. </p> <p>Because the world keeps on combining by excellence of the globalizing intensity of the net, numerous organizations see it as an advantage to utilize individuals who may communicate in numerous dialects. You ought to partake in broad concentrating to cover all components of this issue and all purpose of perspectives by various people. The real people profoundly acclaim our exposition help site. </p> <p>In the technique for choosing a theme, you likewise need to test your contention. You need to give at least three motivations to deliver your side of the contention all around grounded and profound. At the point when you're allowed to expound on anything you desire, never depend on an individual's contemplations about the subject you like as an essential standard for your decision. At that point this is the ideal opportunity for the end. </p> <p>As soon as you have the theme, answer the inquiry and after that help your answer with at least three clarifications for why you trust it. On the off chance that you have the opportunity to pick, start by picking a subject that is reasonable for inside the arrangement you've been given. View the things occurring around and inquire as to whether there's something you are particularly keen on. Finding the subject of your advantage will permit you to work more diligently on your task and show your style in the most effortless manner conceivable. </p> <p>Once you do as such, interface your recommendations and structure sub-points to investigate them in detail. You can pick points from arranged arrangements of prepared topics. There are just a couple of tips with the help of which you will make sense of the best approach to create intriguing thoughts. To break the basics, you should hold fast to certain means. </p> <p>Therefore, you must find enough genero us proof for the particular point. All things considered, you have to make your subject progressively explicit. You will presumably find an alternate and fabulous point you will love to expound on. There are a couple of incredible subjects to mull over when picking a theme for your contentious exposition. </p> <p>You should choose a powerful exposition subject that empowers you to introduce the absolute best conceivable case. To help you make a charming article, here are a couple of incredible influential points for you to pick from. To run over pugnacious paper points simple on different stages, you need to grasp about the contentious exposition. Contentious paper is tied in with belligerence and bantering regarding a matter, which is far from being obviously true. </p> <p>It is conceivable to comprise of auxiliary sources and offer contentions about the theme. Anyway, you'll surely like our value approach. At the point when you pick a theme, you should respond to the question and after that prove your reaction with at least three inspirations concerning why you think that way. So be certain that you select a subject, which has values in it. </p>

The Tried and True Method for Sociological Topics in Step by Step Detail

<h1>The Tried and True Method for Sociological Topics in Step by Step Detail </h1> <h2> Choosing Sociological Topics</h2> <p>Sports inquire about paper points spread a wide determination of fields. You should compose a tremendous number of edited compositions and research papers every week. In that circumstance, it will be very hard that you form a unique research paper on human science. It's additionally important to see how to make a human science inquire about paper. </p> <p>If there is definitely no technique for changing what's going on, is anything but a social issue. Guarantee all you will require is sorted out in a manner which will drive you to compose proficiently. Indeed, you don't have to tune in to what we are probably going to advise you, it's your own independent company. While choosing your social issues theme, remember that it's in every case much better to expound on something you're as of now pretty much familiar with. < /p> <p>Posts which don't fuse course substance will get insignificant focuses. Remember we have numerous sociological research paper points on the Internet you could pick. It swarms with countless sociological research paper subjects, however don't hurry to get the first. The source won't channel data for you. </p> <p>Among the colossal activity of human science is look for unnoticed before relationships (this is additionally your chance to discover one and procure a revelation on the off chance that you are set up to direct an enormous research). One of without a doubt the most inconvenient pieces of a college examine paper is picking a theme that is both feasible and fascinating. Be as explicit as could be expected under the circumstances, drawing on models from different districts or timeframes to show your general point. A first-draft scholastic paper getting an outstanding evaluation is a phenomenal occurrence.</p> <p>You will be ready to create your examination paper on humanism without an arrangement, however remember that it will require some investment and vitality. Use whatever you know to uncover your perception of the planet, and bring out old fashioned philosophical hypotheses. For reasons unknown it's accepted that human science is a somewhat precarious and obscure heading, which doesn't offer the opportunity to create and get a high-paid employment later on. Since there is nothing more significant and more exorbitant than time for an understudy. </p> <h2>How to Get Started with Sociological Topics? </h2> <p>When you get an errand to make a paper on a social issue, you're allowed to open an energizing talk. In the occasion you like to comprehend the act of article composing a phenomenal human science paper, view the means clarified beneath. You should not stop for a second when you should address scholastic difficulties. </p> <p>Therefore, it gets simpler to follow the most significant thought and to assess your paper reasonably. Accordingly, it should flexibly an outline of the noteworthy thoughts that will be talked about in the paper. Moreover, it needs to have an end sentence that must stick in the perusers' psyches. It's actual, you should choose your subject. </p> <p>If you are going to complete a human science paper, you ought to be certain it has a phenomenal theme. If so, you no doubt have a wide point that will carry out the responsibility. Along these lines, you ought to pick a point that is recognizable for you and into which you may do explore. Simply take a look at our rundown of perfect human science exposition subjects and choose for the one which you find the most exciting.</p> <p>Your Personal Interest Never form a paper on the issue you're not intrigued by. Or then again you may think about the subject of Adoption for gay couples. Remember to choose just points related with your own advantages. </p> <p>It's very difficult to pick what you might want to expound on, as human science concentrates a lot of angles and has a lot of subjects to talk about, anyway we may flexibly you with some of the themes to choose to expound on in your exploration paper on social science. You require amazing humanism investigate themes. While looking for good human science examine subjects, consider the region of wellbeing social science. Workforce inside this territory study religion from various hypothetical and methodological points of view. </p> <p>Your understanding of this inquiry will permit you to adapt to giving the clarifications for the importance of your conceivable commitment to Sociology. In spite of the fact that this hypothesis, which can be put under the greater umbrella of interpretivism, has ended up being useful in the humanities, it's dubious in the natural sciences. In this manner, remember that in such a significant field as natural human science, there are a few fundamental things to examine. </p> <h2>What is Actually Happening with Sociological Topics </h2> <p>Even in case you should record your paper without prior warning, don't need to stress since we convey request instantly. You're totally precise. You may need to dedicate a day or two on the endeavor. The most urgent test is presented rather by the understudies' ignorance of what it is that they ought to really do as such as to complete the task effectively. </p>

How to Come Up With Unique Ideas For a College Essay

<h1>How to Come Up With Unique Ideas For a College Essay</h1><p>I am my own craft. One of the most troublesome undertakings when composing a school exposition is thinking of thoughts to expound on. However, it is significant that you do concoct intriguing and convincing thoughts in such a case that your article is inadequate in these, at that point it won't pass an assessment by your educator and you won't have the option to get into the college.</p><p></p><p>One method of thinking of one of a kind thoughts for a school exposition is to have a few thoughts identified with your subject of study yet not identified with it by any stretch of the imagination. Along these lines, when you begin composing your paper, you won't need to contemplate the theme and it will be simple for you to concentrate on what is applicable to your subject.</p><p></p><p>Writing it yourself can likewise be an excellent method of conceptualizing t houghts. It is significant that you can remain concentrated on the material you are composing and this should be possible by keeping a journal or composing cushion. You can even record a few notes while you are on the drive to class or at home. Along these lines, when you return home after your composition, you won't overlook a great deal of data since you will simply have those notes with you.</p><p></p><p>Another thing you can do to concoct exceptional thoughts for a school paper is to be unique when you are altering your article. Unique thoughts for papers have consistently been considered as one of the most significant components when composing an exposition and your article must be unique. Consequently, make an effort not to duplicate others' work, as it will be a significant hit to your capacity to pass your exam.</p><p></p><p>Original thoughts for papers can likewise be concocting unique thoughts for books and articles. Since th ese points are regularly short and basic, this will make for simpler essays.</p><p></p><p>Also, usinga scratch pad or a PC program is a smart thought. You can record a few thoughts on a bit of paper and afterward you can utilize a PC program to write down those thoughts. Along these lines, you won't overlook any thoughts that you have recorded, which implies that you won't need to rework your essay.</p><p></p><p>There are likewise a few scholars who can concoct a unique thought for a school article just by doing some examination. For instance, ask your loved ones about how they got their degree and afterward utilize their involvement with your exposition. Simply do some exploration and your article won't just be unique, yet additionally interesting.</p><p></p><p>If you need to make your exposition one of a kind, you should think of unique thoughts for a school paper. This will make your paper fascinating as well as significant and speaking to the readers.</p>

Blood Pressure - 1987 Words

Adult baseline observations : Blood pressure The purpose of this assignment is to reflect on a chosen experience that I have identified as requiring more knowledge to complete this skill competently. I have chosen to do my learning contract on adult base line observation – blood pressure. The reason I have chosen this skill is because my first experience of taking a blood pressure was not a positive experience and to this day I still get nervous taking someone’s blood pressure. I can do the skill confidently now but feel I need to understand the theory around it to communicate the findings with the woman. When I was first learning to take someone’s blood pressure in intensives I was put down in front of our group by a tutor. I feel†¦show more content†¦This is a measurement of the pressure exerted on the arteriole walls when the blood in the arterioles is at its highest pressure which is immediately after the heart has contracted. A rise in blood volume or a rise in force from the contraction rises the systolic pressure, a decrease in the arterial wall elasticity will also rise the systolic number. The opposite of these will lower the systolic number (Johnson, Taylor, 2010, p. 42). The diastolic arteriole pressure measurement is obtained by measuring the pressure in the arteries when the heart is refilling with blood. At this time the heart is resting and is between beats (American heart association, 2014, para.2). Johnson and Taylor also state (2010,p.43) that most woman have a normal blood pressure during pregnancy but the diastolic number can decrease in the first and second trimesters then return to normal from the middle of the pregnancy. Although some women can develop a hypertension disorder called pre-eclampsia which can be very dangerous for both mother and baby. (Johnson, Taylor, 2010, p. 47). For a healthy blood pressure the recommended adult ranges are shown below Table 1. 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Global & International Business Contexts Diamond Analysis

Question: Describe about the Global International Business Contexts for Diamond Analysis. Answer: Part 1: Porters National Diamond Analysis: The diamond model is a study to find out why certain countries succeed in international trade whereas others fail. The model shows that industries are located in particular regions where there is abundance of land, labour, material and capital which make up the four factors of production supported by a chain of markets, suppliers and customers (Hargrovesn Smith, 2013). Porters model of competitive advantage model of nations considers the following factors: Factor conditions: Every country is endowed with its own natural resources which include minerals, cheap labour, technology, financial structure which provides capital to industry and favourable land (Saeedi, et al., 2015). These factors are not present in equal ratio in all the country and are an essential determinant of the type of industry that could develop in a country (Mnsson, 2014). South Africa is rich in minerals, timber and has human resources to work for soft drink industry but it does not have the capital required and most importantly the technology. Demand: Customers, being the creators of demands play a very significant role in deciding a firms success. When there is a large domestic demand, a company produces better quality products for the home market which also influences the foreign market (Obizhaeva Wang, 2013). International soft drinks brands like Pepsi and Mountain Dew bear the testimonial that the South African market has good opportunities and the cold drink company can enter the market to exploit its scope. Related and supporting industries: The presence of ancillary units provides a firm with easily available parts for its assembled finished products. This encourages further development and growth of an industry because availability of parts decreases the cost of importing or buying parts from far off markets. For example, big soft drinks manufacturers like Coca Cola have their own ancillary bottling unit which enables them to cut the cost of buying bottles from outsiders. A firms structure, plans and competitors: The strategies of a firm, structure and rivalry reflect market conditions. South African soft drink market already has two players Coca Cola and Pepsi which presents a huge challenge to a firm of the same category who wants to enter South Africa (Lungeanu Zajac, 2014). It must also be noted that South Africa is poor in infrastructure, which will make a huge investment in infrastructure mandatory. The marketing strategy of the firm has to be modified to suit the poor conditions of South Africa, like selling the soft drinks from hand carts instead of a chain of stores prevalent in rich countries of Europe, North America and Asia. Chance events: Changing market conditions, sudden happenings and new innovations can create new opportunities for a firm to exploit. The present soft drink market in the world is experiencing rise in demand of health drinks and low calorie soft drinks. This gives an opportunity to soft drink companies to manufacture sweet carbonated drink for the young and traditional cola lovers, the energy drinks for the health conscious and a low calorie cola variant for the drinker in between these two segments. Such incidents also allow the soft drinks companies to acquire new buyers and increase profits. Government policies: This is by far the most important factor which can influence all the stated factors. Today governments encourage entry of foreign companies poses a big threat for the domestic companies especially, the small ones with limited resources. Governments earn huge taxes from them in return of business permit in the country. Thus government policies determine the entry of a multinational company. The soft drink company should follow the laws and rules set by the government of South Africa. Figure 1. Porters diamond model (Source: Zhao, Gao Shi, 2015) Part 2: Foreign Direct Investment in Equity in South Africa: Foreign direct investment refers to investment by a company abroad either by acquiring a company, by means of joint venture or merger in order to get access to its resources and earn profits (Moosa, 2016). Based on the above findings, a company intending to enter the market of South Africa can acquire shares of a domestic company, thus gaining right to manage and control the companys assets and other resources. A poor country like South Africa can derive the following advantages from FDI: Economic development stimulation- South Africa has a huge economic resource but lacks the infrastructure and capital to utilize it for the countrys growth. FDI through equity mode can bring in more investment from foreign companies which can help domestic companies to flourish. The European soft drink company can acquire a domestic firm and generate production and employment, thus stimulating economic development. Employment and economic boost- When a global company enters a new economy, they create companies to cater to the economys market. This also leads to growth of ancillary units to supply parts to the main company. This creates employment opportunities bringing about economic growth and improvement in the living standard of the people. Coca cola operates in South Africa through takeovers and other forms of FDI, employing more people than a small domestic company. Easy international trade- International trade policies tend to favour rich, powerful and big countries leaving bleak chances for poor and small countries to bargain. When a global company like Pepsi enters a market through FDI, it can take advantage of the capital and infrastructural strength of the country. FDI makes international trade easier and also gives the domestic companies a platform to explore foreign market opportunities. Development of human capital resources- A big multinational soft drink company requires more trained and experienced people to handle operations across the various markets it serves. Such a big company not only provides employment to the people in the host country, but also trains them. Thus, a multinational company improves the quality of human resource in its host country and gradually leads to better income and economic growth. Tax incentive- The governments in the host countries give tax incentives to global companies in return of their technology, expertise and capital. These big giants as a result can inject more capital in the host market thus expand its business further and also decrease the price of their goods and products (Shunko, Do Tsay, 2014). One of the biggest soft drinks manufacturers in the world, Coca Cola can utilize the tax incentive gained in South Africa by strengthening its market and also reduce the price of the cola drink. Resource transfer- When a multinational company holds equity shares of a smaller company in another country, it gets right to control the assets and resources of the latter. This means, it use the good and services and also the human resources of the smaller company to support its international trade. Thus, the goods and services get new market abroad and the human resources gets new exposure enriching it (Yarbrough Yarbrough, 2014). Increase in productivity- New markets creates new demands thus calling for increase in productivity. A multinational company has the capital and resources to meet the sudden increase in demand, thus helping the domestic to cater to the international market. The brand values of multinational companies also help their subsidiaries to promote their products and grow in the market. Increase in income- It is evident from the above discussion that, increase in employee productivity and new markets result in larger inflow of revenue. Moreover, FDI through equity mode strengthens the capital structure of a company. These two factors contribute towards faster growth of a domestic company thus expanding its control over the market. A domestic soft drink and bottling plant in South Africa can increase its productivity by assisting a company like Pepsi. FDI, through acquisition of equity shares gives a great boost to an otherwise local firm with limited resources and a limited market. However, FDI too has its own share of demerits or disadvantages. The following are the disadvantages of FDI through equity mode: Hindrance to domestic income- Michelle Hutches and Sonja Rego in their work, state that the equity capital of a firm is directly responsible for its capability to take risk (Hutchens Rego, 2013). As per definition, equity capital is the difference between the total of a companys assets and libilties. It can be understood from these two statements that when a multinational soft drink company acquires FDI right by buying equity shares, it gets the power to control the total assets of the domestic company as well. Such a multinational company often uses the resources to retain its worldwide market position, thus depriving the domestic firm of its deserved income. Risk of political changes- Unfavorable political changes in the home country of the multinational company affects the business of the domestic company as it becomes totally dependent on the former. Similarly, a political change in the country of the domestic company can affect it the new policies go against the multinational company which winds up its operations in the host country. In either of the cases, the smaller company gets badly affected and is often left with scarce resources and market to sustain on. Negative influences of exchange rates- A big multinational company like Pepsi or Coca Cola has the expertise like a local beverage company to take advantage of the difference in exchange rates. A domestic company gets exposed to exchange rates and often has to acquire resources at higher prices. Higher costs- Getting involved in international trade demands more productivity necessitating hiring of more staffs to support it. Complying with various international laws and adapting to various market norms causes manifold increase in the cost. A small soft drink manufacturer, unlike a global player in same category, cannot bear the high cost and usually closes down. Economically non viable- Unlike the previous defects, this affects the multinational companies who acquires the equity of a foreign company. The market conditions in the host company may become unfavorable and require winding up of the business in the host country. The multinational company incurs heavy losses which may also hamper its business elsewhere. Expropriation- The government of the host country may acquire the ownership of the assets of the multinational company present within the area of domination. The multinational companies which invest a huge amount towards FDI have to take heavy losses which have significant impact on its resources. Modern day colonialism- Many countries, especially the ones under colonization by a foreign country like the European countries, hinder FDI. They perceive it as a form of modern colonialism leaving their resources and people open to exploitation by the global companies. It must also be noted that most of the multinational companies in the world including Pepsi and Coca Cola either belong to America or Europe. This fact only fuels this perception of modern day colonialism hindering affecting international trade. The work titled Earth, Wind and Fire states that the mining wealth of South Africa is worth $2.5trillion (Ting, 2016). The following are the recommended strategies which can be undertaken to enter South Africas market through FDI in equity mode and for strategic management of it :( Please refer to Appendix 1) Critically analyze the South African market studying legal, economical, financial and technological aspects related to equity FDI, cultural and other important factors. Study the local conditions and establish strong relations with financial institutions, especially those with branches in Europe. The company must also look for quality source of raw materials locally otherwise, it has to import the raw materials from other countries. The company instead of setting up a new subsidiary can take over an existing soft drink company through equity mode FDI and use its plants to create a niche for itself in the South African market. The bigger portion of the South Africans are poor, hence they cannot afford to visit a hotel or a bar and relish a customized cola drink. The company should employ people to sell drinks at low price to the poor in hand carts which will also allow it to penetrate the rural market. However, tourists visiting the country can relish the coal in hotels and bar. Such an approach will allow the firm to cater to both the poor and the rich (Laws, 1995). Now a days expansion in a new market requires a great deal of open innovations and is very expensive (Chesbrough, H., Vanhaverbeke West, 2014). The company should enter into contract with institutions for functions like research, promotion, financing and staffing (Johanson Mattsson, 2015) at local level. This strategy is very effective after entry as the demand increases because availing these services even from an overseas branch of the same company becomes expensive. Strategies and their implementation need to be more localized after the initial establishment stage (Stromquist Monkman, 2014). The company at this stage should acquire a bigger firm; obtain stakes of big material supplying ancillary units and promotion channels. Part 3: Two Management Issues: First, South Africa is rich in raw materials but does not have the required infrastructure, capital investment and expert human resource. Hence, a company intending to enter the market of South Africa needs to invest a lot of capital in it before it can start generating high revenue. Secondly, acquiring equity shares of a domestic company will also require a lot of investment because the market already has strong competitors like Coca Cola and Pepsi. The legal system in the country is still not as open as the European and Asian countries giving rise to a lot of legal complications and high expenditure thereof. Moreover, the people might look upon FDI as a modern form of foreign domination. PESTEL Theory: PESTEL theory studies the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal factors effecting a business organization. They are external or macroeconomic factors which affect a multinational corporation more than a domestic company. A multinational corporation has to consider these factors while making strategies and also incorporate them in its communication plan. Political: The government policy, political stability, foreign trade policies and the policies and laws pertaining to FDI play a key role in expansion of a multinational company. The political instability and strict control of the South African government put a huge pressure on the foreign companies (Smith, 2014). International agreements pertaining to taxes, tariffs and exchange rates among other terms and conditions play a very important role in international trade. South Africa is a part of BRICS along with Russia, China, India and Brazil. (Carnoy et al., 2013) This means that an FDI with the country will also access to these emerging markets. Every country has its own legal framework and departments dealing with taxes and tariffs. The governments monitor the working of the MNCs closely since they are among the biggest tax payers. A multinational company should also abide by the rules of the bodies governing commodities or its raw materials. For example, drinkable water in South Africa has to confirm to the standards of South African National Standard 241 Drinking Water Specification (Janse, Barnard Krger, 2016). The business of an MNC is affected by international incidents like terrorism, inflations and wars adversely leading to heavy losses. Transparent policies and target centred strategies can help to tackle such situations. The company must communicate policy changes to the stake holders like customers and governments to ensure cooperation from them. It can minimize the losses suffered due to such urgencies by spreading them over its global market. An MNC should use the international laws and laws in various countries to gain best advantage and means to spread its losses owing to unpredictable factors and make them up. Economic: Economic factors are factors of production which include land, labour, materials and capital (Fuss McFadden, 2014). An MNC should take into consideration the cost of land, laws pertaining to land use and ownership. There exist international labour laws and country specific labour laws in order to protect human resource from exploitation of multinational firms. The firm must include the prevalent remuneration scales and perks in its employee policies to ensure quality labour production. The MNC must abide by the laws to avoid penalty. Each country has its own reserve of natural resources which can be exploited commercially for production. Entering an economy through FDI allows a global company to get access to a countrys resources helping it to increase productivity. South Africa has natural resources which attracts foreign companies to invest in her resources. An MNC should create ties with various financial institutions to get advantage of various financing options. It must also follow the rules and directions set by the international and national bodies and agreement. Social: A multinational corporation caters to a market spread across several countries having their own culture. The multinational company gets both human resource and customers from these markets. It must not act in a way so as harm the religious, cultural or racial sentiments of the people. A big problem in South Africa is apartheid referring to a disparity in laws and treatment giving the minority whites of European origin over the blacks Africans. A multinational company should not indulge in practice of any such policy which will not only affect its business in the country adversely but also hamper its goodwill abroad. Technology: Technology refers to innovation, research and development and autimation which decides minimum levels of production and outsourcing in an economy. South Africa is very poor as far as technology is concerned necessitating a huge capital investment through FDI (Ho, 2014). The resources of the country have not been utilized because South Africa is a poor country without skilled labour force and know how to harness the resources. Environment: Every country has laid down laws to protect its environment in response to international laws to preserve the depleting ecosystems. They also cover water ways, sewage, human health, recycling goods and production of biodegradable products using eco friendly ways. Violation of such laws attracts penal actions or winding up of the business (McIntyre, 2016). Destruction of water resources, forests and wild animal is considered a crime and is dealt in green criminology (Beirne South, 2013). The soft drink company should consider environmental measures tectonic while framing policies so as to avoid grave consequences. Legal: A MNC seeking to enter a foreign market through FDI has to abide by the laws of its home country, host country where it wants to enter and international laws which are often interrelated (Carr Stone, 2013). It must use the land and resources of the host country ethically and legally to maximize its revenue. Private and public sectors participate simultaneously to improve conditions of labour. The company must follow labour laws and use its human resource judiciously to avoid conflict and interruption in production resulting in long term losses. Such a problem can also create unfavourable political situation abroad market related to this market. Many countries give consumers legal remedies against fraudulent products and services (Weatherill, 2013). The soft drink company must produce quality soft drink and simultaneously preserve the environment so as not to attract penalties or closure of business. OLI theory: OLI theory, abbreviation for Ownership, Location and Internalization, is a theory of foreign direct investment (FDI). The theory developed by John Dunning believes that a firm deciding to enter international trade, especially through FDI, considers the three factors and its control over them (Dunning, 2015). These factors go a long way in deciding why some firms are successful global players while others are not. The three determinant factors have been explained below: Ownership: Ownership, according to this theory refers to possession of assets and resources and includes raw materials, work in progress and finished goods (Masulis, Pham Zein, 2015). The key idea is that if a multinational firm acquires the equity of a company in another country, it gives it access to the companys assets as well. The multinational company can then use these resources and assets for production without degrading their value. A multinational company is able to cater to a global market due to its control over vast resources from different countries. It can also be pointed out that dynamic economies like South Africa encourage this kind of FDI from big multinational corporations due to its inherent advantages Location: A firm can take to two approaches in FDI to expand its business in a foreign country. It can locate its plant abroad for production and access to the host countrys market which is called horizontal approach. It may take to invest in a foreign country to avail lower cost of production. In both cases, the corporation generally locates its headquarter in its own home country and the overseas branches are controlled from the headquarter. The control is considered as vertical often lending FDI its vertical nature (Goswami, 2013). A firm usually prefers acquiring locations in developed or developing nations as they have the customer base with purchase capacity for their products. Countries like India, China and USA have become famous destinations for FDI. Multinational companies like Microsoft, Samsung and TATA have FDI in these countries. Big cities like Beijing in China, Mumbai in India and Washington D.C. in the USA are the most preferred location for setting up controlling units. Internalization: A multinational company is dependent on supply chains in all its markets. 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